Nitrat / NO3


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Nitrate/NO3 sind Salze der Salpetersäuregruppe und gehören zu den Hauptnährstoffen im Boden. Dort werden sie durch Mikroorganismen aus Luftstickstoff oder stickstoffhaltigen, organischen Verbindungen gebildet und sind Endprodukt der Stickstoffoxydations-vorgänge. In sauerstoffarmer Umgebung, können sie durch autotrophe Bakterien zu Stickstoff (N2) reduziert werden.

Nitrate kommen unter anderem in Grünpflanzen vor und können bis zu einer gewissen Menge auch von denen abgebaut und gespalten werden. Deshalb ist es sehr empfehlenswert und nachhaltig, schnellwüchsige Pflanzen einzusetzen, da sie gute „Nitratreduzierer“ sind.

Bis ca. 25mg/l sind je nach Fisch- und Pflanzenarten verträglich, auf der anderen Seite ist Nitrat immer ein Stressfaktor und je weniger vorhanden ist, desto besser auch gegen den Algenbefall.

Der Grenzwert für Nitrat im Trinkwasser beträgt in der Trinkwasserverordnung 50 mg/l. Da Nitrat mit üblichen Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen nur sehr aufwendig entfernt werden kann, ist Rohwasser mit einem höheren Gehalt an Nitrat für die Trinkwasserversorgung ungeeignet.

In der Wasseraufbereitung, erfolgt die Nitratentfernung im Rahmen der Denitrifikation bei der biologischen Stickstoffumwandlung. Andere Möglichkeiten zur Nitrateliminierung sind der Ionenaustausch oder die Umkehrosmose. Beide Verfahren sind jedoch sehr radikal und nicht selektiv, da auch andere wichtige Wasserinhaltsstoffe entfernt oder ausgetauscht werden.