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Nitrite sind Salze der salpetrigen Säuregruppe und im Stickstoffkreislauf ein fischgiftiger Metabolit des Nitrats.

Nitrit kann durch die chemische Reduktion von Nitrat (Nitrifikation) entstehen und ist das Produkt der Ammonium-/Ammoniakoxydation und Nitritoxydation. Durch die Denitrifikation, kann Nitrit bis zum elementaren Stickstoff abgebaut werden.

Im Süsswasser sind Nitrite sehr giftig und behindern den Sauerstofftransport des Blutes. Als Folgen können Blähungen, Magenbeschwerden und Atemnot (Blausucht) eintreten und deshalb häufig tödlich enden.